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There's Materialism, and Then There's Materialism
Moreover, saying the free market is a materialist construct steals a base. Critics of the free market say it is materialist. But, with the exception of some Randians, defenders of the free market do not ground their case in materialism. Adam Smith didn't. Friedrich Hayek didn't. Michael Novak doesn't. ~Jonah "Lie for a Just Cause" Goldberg, Crunchy Cons
Goldberg likes the base-stealing analogy. He never tires of using it. He seems to regard this as some sort of rebuke, when in baseball successful base-stealing is regarded as something of a virtue. So it isn't a very good analogy.
Materialism is a word that gets thrown around quite a lot, especially in economic and political debates where the term takes on a number of different meanings depending on who is using it and how. There are two ways that crunchies might be using it: as a word referring to the ethos that prizes consumption, acquisition and the satisfaction of desires (in which case, most Americans are materialists and contemporary conservatism is a cheerleader for this materialism) or a word that refers to philosophical materialism and a confirmed belief in monism that rules out the existence of anything other than the empirically observable material world in man and in nature (which few, if any, conservative Americans openly embrace).
The two are not necessarily related, but in his criticism of modern conservatism I believe Rod is linking the two in one way. That is, conventional or "mainstream" conservatism has made a virtue out of acquisition and consumption (which it puts under the umbrella of "freedom"), and has in practise privileged material conditions as the main and ultimately most important things in life. People continue to believe in God, and think that they have souls, and some of them undoubtedly believe this very strongly, but in their way of life many do not substantially differ in the least from the secularist across the street or across town who does not believe these things. They are not actually committed philosophical materialists, but they live as if they might as well be.
Goldberg is, as usual, ducking the issue. The issue is not what any particular theorist says in defense of the free market but the practical effect an unduly positive and uncritical view of the market and its effects has on the way all Americans, but particularly conservative Americans who should know better, live. Rod's book is an account of the habits of people, habits formed in reaction to the superficiality and ugliness of the world of disposable and transient goods that modern Americans have made an unduly large part of their life. Likewise, what he is critiquing are the habits of "mainstream" conservatives. That's what has really agitated Goldberg--it's almost as if conservative ideas might mean something for how we should live, and that the "mainstream" conservatives have managed to get it, well, basically wrong. It isn't that there is only one precise lifestyle for conservatives, but that conservatives, if they took their own ideas seriously, really should live in a broadly defined way that is not at war with creation, their own nature or their natural affinities. A materialistic lifestyle, whether lived by fine, church-going folk or not, is a life lived in conflict with those three things. Stated broadly, lots of conservatives will shout their agreement. Yes, don't be at war with creation--that's a crazy, leftist thing to do! But do they follow up on that agreement in their own way of life? Many don't, and that's Rod's point. Goldberg can talk about stolen bases until the Kingdom comes, and he won't be able to evade this reality.
There was a market, there was capitalism and there was even heavy industry before rampant consumerism. When crunchies are criticising "the market," they are primarily criticising the market as it functions today. They might also regard consumerism as simply the logical result of this sort of economic system that prizes individual desire, but first and foremost they are rejecting the compulsion to acquire and the celebration of that compulsion that, among other things, drive Americans into tremendous debt. This drive for acquisition imposes costs on the family and community that a society that prized and insisted on restraint and self-control would not experience. Without this frenetic pursuit of things, modern American conservatives might find an occasion to live more stable and meaningful lives in which they might flourish and actually find happiness. The trouble with consumerism is not simply its incitement of the passions, its sheer emptiness and waste, but also the fragmentation and dispersion of the mind in its focus on these numerous, ultimately unimportant acquisitions. In such a state, there can be no spiritual health and no proper sanity, much less a real flourishing of a human person.
Daniel Larison | February 28, 2006
Comments
The "Crunchy Commune", as Jim Geraghty calls it on his own National Review blog TKS, makes for fun reading. I don't think Rod Dreher is a true believer in all the cunchy stuff. After all, on the blog itself he advertised his appearance at Borders.
And Borders is a perfect example of the big-is-beautiful capitalism Rod says he dislikes: 1,200 stores and $3.5 billion in annual sales. And the company peddles some interesting products on its web site, like the all-nude workout video for gay men. So much for the anti-capitalist, anti-promiscuity line Rod peddles.
This actually makes me think better of Dreher, because he doesn't take his nuttiness to an extreme. But Caleb Stegall appears to be a true believer, intent on telling us how to live. He even challenged fellow NR staffers on their family lives, then took the challenge down. Maybe somebody leaned on him, maybe he had second thoughts. But Stegall has said enough other disturbing things to make it clear he believes Father Caleb Knows Best for you and your family.
Casey Abell | 02/28/06 14:13
Just to avoid sounding like an old grump, or even a new grump, Nick Schulz just posted the best thing that's yet appeared on the Crunchy Commune. It's a tremendously sensible reminder that the market is hardly the threat to the so-called "permanent things" the crunchies say they venerate.
So Rod can do his Borders appearances with a clear conscience. (Oops, sorry, a grumpiness eruption.) Still, many thanks to Nick for such a beuatifully phrased recognition that the failings of the human heart are not the fault of capitalism, but the fault of our ever-fallible humanity.
Casey Abell | 02/28/06 14:46
Yes, Mr. Abell, there's nothing so troubling as people who actually take their beliefs seriously and entertain the notion that moral truths are well, true and morally binding. Very inconvenient. Far better to be the sort of man who mocks the entire enterprise, right?
So Mr. Abell believes that Rod is out to do what exactly--make a quick buck off of those silly counter-cultural people he writes about? I suppose if we were all really counter-cultural, we wouldn't buy the book in the first place, lest we submit to some sordid publishing empire. That attitude would, of course, be foolish. When someone uses the structures he criticises to undermine those structures, that is ironic, not contradictory.
Apparently that alleged opportunism (which I feel sure Rod would resent and reject vehemently) would be better than taking these things seriously. I have never understood how someone speaking intelligently about the requirements of a sober and virtuous life can be "disturbing." Then again, I suppose they should be disturbing to those who have so far missed the point of valuing the permanent things.
I also don't quite understand people who recognise the fallibility of human nature, but see no value in making the best effort possible to restore ourselves to our proper nature as much as is humanly possible. That is simply the attitude of a modern cynic, and it is a shame that anyone puts stock in it. But someone who refers to "so-called permanent things," as if these did not exist or were not worth venerating, never had any interest in anything Rod had to say in the first place.
Daniel Larison | 02/28/06 15:43
"When someone uses the structures he criticises to undermine those structures, that is ironic, not contradictory."
I don't mind repeating myself. I LIKE Dreher using Borders to sell his book and make more money. By the way, he's plugging his Borders appearance again on the Crunchy Commune.
I have no problems at all with Borders, a large capitalist enterprise that generates wealth and offers a wide variety of products to its customers. If Dreher offered his book exclusively through mom-and-pop Christian bookstores - something he could easily do - than I'd actually get a little worried. I don't mind a little hypocrisy. It's much better than a lot of zealotry.
Oh sure, Dreher's use of Big Amoral Capitalism to make more money might be mildly irritating to fellow ideologues. But to repeat myself again, I really don't mind it at all...because I'm not one of Dreher's fellow ideologues. It's that simple.
As for Stegall, he has commented that people who move away from their family are "selfish" and parents who use day-care centers are "negligent." Yes, I do find these statements disturbing and priggish judgments on other people. We'll just have to agree to disagree on him.
Casey Abell | 02/28/06 16:02
I'm not going to call Rod appearing at a Borders hypocrisy. It is bringing a much-needed message to the tables of the money-changers, if you like, borrowing a reference from the not-very-compelling Nick Schulz post.
A lot of zealotry? If that's what you find in Caleb's posts, you must be zeal-intolerant to detect any. I suppose Caleb does discern something wrong with moving away from your family for reasons less substantial than real economic necessity (hence he calls it what it seems to be, selfish), and he regards day-care as negligent because, well, it is the organised, deliberate neglect of children by both of their parents. That latter point is an assessment based in conviction that handing children off to such institutions is wrong and actually harmful in some ways to the children. We could dispute over whether it is harmful or not, but if it is it begs the question why people who espouse a particularly strong fidelity to family subject their children to this (especially if it is not strictly "we need the extra income to avoid penury" necessary). The conservatives Caleb critiques accuse themselves by their own actions--complaining about Caleb's alleged priggishness does nothing to change that.
There are prigs in the world (though I hardly find Caleb to be one of them), and perhaps for their own spiritual well-being they ought not to judge, but if we're going to have a debate about a practical conservative ethics and the habits required to practise it there will be no avoiding critiquing how other people live. Complaining about someone being judgemental or complaining about "telling someone how to live his life" only confirms to the crunchies and their friends out there that the critics represent the very sorts of attitudes Rod critiques in the book.
Daniel Larison | 02/28/06 16:24
As I said, I find Stegall's comments disturbing and unjustified condemnations of other people. We can't and won't convince each other on this.
I moved away from my family to serve in the Peace Corps, which was hardly a case of economic necessity (to put it mildly). I've also moved away from my hometown to find a better job to support me and my family. If these moves makes me selfish in Stegall's priggish view, I honestly could not care less.
I've also used baby sitters to look after my children, though not organized day-care centers. If that makes me negligent in Stegall's view, again I absolutely don't care. I won't be quite as harsh towards Stegall's comments as Jim Geraghty is on National Review's TKS. But I can understand the frustration with somebody who meets out such lordly condemnations to people whose lives he knows nothing about.
Finally, if you prefer "irony" to "hypocrisy" for Dreher making money from Borders, no problem. I don't know why you bother with the quibble because the hypocrisy is hardly horrible, in my view. Once again and for the last time, I honestly hope Dreher makes as much money as possible from his book. I like capitalism.
Casey Abell | 02/28/06 16:42
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